Ukuqonda i-Concrete Admixtures-I-concrete admixtures sisifundo esinzima kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi ii-admixtures ezikhoyo kunye nento abayenzayo.
I-Admixtures zizithako ezikwikhonkrithi ezingezizo izinto ze-hydraulic cementitious, amanzi, ii-aggregates okanye ukomeleza ifayibha ezisetyenziswa njengezithako zomxube wesamente ukuguqula iipropati zawo ezisanda kuxutywa, ukusetwa okanye ukuqina kwaye zongezwa kwibhetshi ngaphambi okanye ngexesha. ukuxuba.
Imixube yokunciphisa amanzi iphucula iplastiki yekhonkrithi (emanzi) kunye neempawu eziqinileyo, ngelixa imixube yokulawula iseti isetyenziswa kwikhonkrithi ibekwe kwaye igqitywe ngaphandle kwamaqondo obushushu awona aphezulu.Zombini, xa zisetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo, zifak’ isandla kuqheliselo oluhle lokufundisa.

Kushishino lolwakhiwo lwangoku , ngezantsi zezona zidibaniso zisetyenziswa kakhulu zekhonkrithi .
●Amanzi okunciphisa imixube yekhonkrithi
● Imixube yekhonkrithi egqwesileyo
● Misela ukubuyiswa kwemixube ekhonkrithi
● Ukukhawulezisa imixube yekhonkrithi
● Imixube yekhonkrithi yokungenisa umoya
●Imixube ekhonkrithi ekwaziyo ukumelana namanzi
●IiMortar eziphelelwe lixesha, ezilungele ukusetyenziswa
●Imixube yeConcrete etshiziweyo
● Ukutya okunqanda imixube ekhonkrithi
● Imixube yeConcrete enegwebu

Amanzi okunciphisa imixube yekhonkrithi
I-admixtures yokunciphisa amanzi zizinto eziphilayo ezi-soluble emanzini, ezinciphisa umthamo wamanzi ofunekayo ukuze kuphunyezwe ukunikezelwa komsebenzi ngaphandle kokuchaphazela umxholo womoya okanye ukunyangwa kwekhonkrithi.Benza imisebenzi emithathu:
●Ukwandisa amandla kunye nesantya sokufumana amandla.
● Uqoqosho kuyilo lokuxuba kunye nokunciphisa i-carbon footprint.
●Ukonyuka kokusebenza.

Imixube yekonkrithi egqwesileyo
Uluhlu oluphezulu lwe-admixtures yokunciphisa amanzi lubizwa ngokuba yi-Superplasticing admixtures i-synthetic, i-soluble yamanzi organic chemicals, ngokuqhelekileyo i-polymers, enciphisa kakhulu ubungakanani bamanzi afunekayo ukufezekisa ukuhambelana okunikiweyo kwikhonkrithi yeplastiki.
Banciphisa umthamo wamanzi ngaphandle kokunciphisa amandla kwiimfuno eziphezulu zokusebenza.Zikwaphucula ukuqina.
Uluhlu oluphezulu lwe-admixtures lokunciphisa amanzi lusebenza ngendlela efanayo kwi-'Normal Water Reducing Admixtures, kodwa zinamandla ngakumbi kwisenzo sabo sokusasazwa kwesamente kwaye zingasetyenziswa kwi-dose ephezulu ngaphandle kwemiphumo engafunekiyo efana nokungena emoyeni okanye ukubuyiswa kweseti.

Seta imixube ebambekayo ebambekayo
Iimixube ezibuyisela ukubuyiswa ziikhemikhali ezinyibilikayo emanzini ezilibazisa ukumiselwa kwesamente.Ayenzi iplastiki kakhulu kwaye ayinayo impembelelo encinci okanye ayinayo kwimfuno yamanzi okanye ezinye iimpawu zekhonkrithi.
Misa imixube ecutha amanzi ecutha amanzi ayilibazisi nje ukumiselwa kwesamente kodwa ikwandise ukusebenza kakuhle ngokufaka iplastiki kwikhonkrithi okanye ukunciphisa imfuno yayo yamanzi.Uninzi lwemixube ebambekayo ekhoyo kurhwebo yolu hlobo.
Ukunciphisa ukucuthwa kwamanzi kunye nokunciphisa izinciphisi zoluhlu oluphezulu zisetyenziselwa:
●Libazisa ixesha lokumisela ikhonkrithi
● Thintela ukwakheka kwamalungu abandayo
●Ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle
● Ukuphucula ukugcinwa kokusebenza kwikhonkrithi Ukwandisa amandla okugqibela.
● Ukuvelisa uqoqosho kuyilo lwemixube
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngelixa i-retarder iyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe i-slump.Ukongezwa komxube obambezelayo akuvelisi ugcino lwe-slump kwaye olunye utshintsho kumxube luya kufuneka.

Ukukhawulezisa imixube yekhonkrithi
I-accelerating admixtures ingasetyenziselwa ukunyusa izinga lokuqina / ukusetwa kwekhonkrithi okanye ukunyusa izinga lokuqina kunye nokuzuza amandla kwangaphambili ukuvumela ukubunjwa kwangaphambili kunye nokuphathwa.Uninzi lwee-accelerator lufezekisa enye kuneyomibini le misebenzi.
Ii-accelerators zisebenza kakhulu kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi.Ii-accelerator ze-Set ziyindlela esebenzayo kakhulu yokulawula ixesha lokumisela iikhonkrithi ezinjalo, kwanabo baqulethe ukutshintshwa kwesamente.
Ii-accelerators zikwasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko womonakalo ngokukhenkceza xa kufakwe i-concreting kwimozulu ebandayo kunye nokuvumela ukususwa kwangaphambili komsebenzi wefomu kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ayisiyiyo into echasene nomkhenkce.Ubuso obuvezwayo bekhonkrithi ebethiweyo kusafuneka bukhuselwe kwaye bunyangelwe ngokufanelekileyo.
Kumaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo, eyona ndlela ingcono ngokobugcisa yokuqinisa amandla kwangethuba kukusebenzisa isinciphisi samanzi esikuluhlu oluphezulu.
Ukunciphisa okubalulekileyo (ngaphezulu kwe-15%) kumlinganiselo we-samente wamanzi unokuba ngaphezu kwamandla aphindwe kabini angaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-24.I-accelerators ingasetyenziswa ngokubambisana ne-superplasticisers (< 0.35 w / c ratio) apho kufuneka amandla aselula kakhulu.Ngokukodwa kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi.Ukuba kuyafuneka, ukusetyenziswa kwee-accelerators kunokudityaniswa nezinciphisi zamanzi zoluhlu oluphezulu ukunyusa ngakumbi uphuhliso lwamandla kwangethuba kuwo omabini amaqondo obushushu aphantsi naqhelekileyo.
Ezinye izicelo zokukhawulezisa imixube zibandakanya ukulungiswa okungxamisekileyo kwekhonkrithi kunye nomsebenzi wokukhusela ulwandle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina kwangoko kwekhonkrithi kwindawo yolwandle.

Imixube yekhonkrithi yokungenisa umoya
Imixube yokungenisa umoya ziikhemikhali ezisebenza kumphezulu ezibangela ukuba amaqamza amancinci azinzile abunjwe ngokufanayo ngomxube wekhonkrithi.Amaqamza ubukhulu becala angaphantsi kwe-1 mm ububanzi kunye nomlinganiselo ophezulu ongaphantsi kwe-0.3 mm.
Izibonelelo zokungenisa umoya kwikhonkrithi ziquka:
● Ukonyuka kokumelana nesenzo sokukhenkceza kunye nokunyibilika
● Ukubambisana okwandisiweyo okubangela ukopha okuncinci kunye nokwahlulwa kokuxuba.
● Ukuphucula ukuxinana kwimixube ephantsi yokusebenza.
●Inika uzinzo kwikhonkrithi ekhutshiweyo
● Inika ulungelelwaniso oluphuculweyo kunye neempawu zokuphatha kwiidaka zokulala.
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Amanzi axhathisa imixube ekhonkrithi
Imixube exhathisayo yokumelana namanzi idla ngokubizwa ngokuba 'yingxubevange yokuthintela amanzi' kwaye ingabizwa ngokuba yi-permeability reduces' imixube.Umsebenzi wabo ophambili kukunciphisa nokuba kufakwe umphezulu kwikhonkrithi kunye / okanye ukuhamba kwamanzi ngekhonkrithi eqinile.Ukufezekisa oku, uninzi lweemveliso zisebenza ngendlela enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo:
● Ukunciphisa ubungakanani, inani kunye nokuqhubeka kwesakhiwo se-capillary pore
● Ukuvala i-capillary pore structure
● Ukugquma ii-capillaries nge-hydrophobic imathiriyeli ukuthintela ukutsalwa kwamanzi ngokufunxa / ukufunxa i-capillary.
Le mixube 'yokuthintela amanzi' inciphisa ukufunxa kunye nokungena kwamanzi ngokusebenza kwisakhiwo se-capillary ye-samente paste.Abayi kunciphisa kakhulu ukungena kwamanzi ngeentanda okanye ngekonkrithi engaxinaninanga kakuhle ezizezi zizathu ezibini ezixhaphake kakhulu zokuvuza kwamanzi kwizakhiwo zekhonkrithi.
Imixube yokumelana namanzi ibonakaliswe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokugqwala kwentsimbi yokuqinisa kwikhonkrithi ephantsi kobume obundlongondlongo kodwa oku kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo ezifanelekileyo zokuxutywa okanye ukudityaniswa kweentlobo ezisetyenziswayo.
Ukuchasana kwamanzi okuxutywayo kunolunye usebenziso olubandakanya ukuncitshiswa kwe-efflorescence, enokuba yingxaki ethile kwizinto ezithile ze-precast.

Iphelelwe lixesha, ilungele ukusebenzisa udaka
IiNgxowa-mali eziLungele ukuSetyenziswa kaBadala zisekwe kwindibaniselwano yeplastikhi yodaka (ukufakwa komoya/ umxube weplastisisi) kunye neretarder yodaka.Le ndibaniselwano ihlengahlengiswa ukunika ugcino olwandisiweyo lokungaguquguquki, ngokuqhelekileyo iiyure ezingama-36.Nangona kunjalo, xa udaka lubekwe phakathi kweeyunithi ze-masonry ezifunxayo, ukusetwa kuyakhawuleza kwaye udaka luseta ngokuqhelekileyo.
Ezi propati zenza kube lula ukubonelela ngodaka kwiindawo zokwakha ngababoneleli abaxubeneyo abasele belungile kwaye babonelele ngezi zibonelelo zilandelayo:
● Ulawulo oluqinisekisiweyo lomgangatho wokuxutywa
● Isiqulatho somoya esingaguqukiyo nesizinzileyo
● Ukungqinelana (ukusebenza) ukugcinwa (ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-72.)
●Ukwanda kwemveliso
● Ukuphelisa imfuno yokuxutywa kunye nokugcinwa kwemathiriyeli kwisiza
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Izithintelo ekusetyenzisweni kodaka olusele lusele lusele lulungele ukusetyenziswa kwimasonry engasebenziyo kunye nonikezelo, echazwe kwigatya le-4.6 kunye ne-4.7, kufuneka iqatshelwe.

Imixube yekhonkrithi etshiziweyo
Ikhonkrithi etshiziweyo impontshwa ukuya kwindawo yokufakwa kwesicelo kwaye emva koko iqhutywe nge-pneumatically kwindawo ngesantya esiphezulu.Usetyenziso luhlala luthe nkqo okanye luphezulu kwaye oku kufuna ukuqina ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukudilika okanye ilahleko ngokususa ikhonkrithi kwi-substrate phantsi kobunzima bayo kufuneka kuphetshwe.Ekufakeni itonela, ikhonkrithi etshiziweyo isoloko isetyenziselwa ukunika inkxaso yesakhiwo kwangethuba kwaye oku kufuna uphuhliso lwamandla kwangethuba kunye nokuqiniswa ngokukhawuleza okukhulu.
Imixube ingasetyenziswa kwikhonkrithi entsha ukunika uzinzo kunye nolawulo lokugalela amanzi phambi kokutshiza.Emva koko ngokudibanisa i-accelerating admixture kwi-nozzle yokutshiza, i-rheology kunye nokusekwa kwekhonkrithi zilawulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwakhiwa okwanelisayo kwi-substrate kunye nobuncinci bezinto ezingabotshwanga ezibangela ukuphindaphinda.
Kukho iinkqubo ezimbini:
● Inkqubo eyomileyo apho umxube wamanzi kunye ne-accelerator yongezwa kumxube wodaka owomileyo
●futha umlomo.
● Inkqubo emanzi apho udaka okanye ikhonkrithi ixutywe ngaphambili kunye ne-stabilizer / retarder ngaphambili
● ukumpompa kwi-nozzle apho i-accelerator yongezwa khona.

Inkqubo emanzi ibe yindlela ekhethwayo kumaxesha amva nje njengoko inciphisa ukukhutshwa kothuli, ubuninzi bezinto eziphathekayo kwaye inika ikhonkrithi elawulwayo kunye nokuhambelana.

Ukutya okunqanda imixube ekhonkrithi
Ukuqonda i-Concrete Admixtures - I-Corrosion inhibiting admixtures yandisa i-passivation state of reinforcement kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezifakwe kwizakhiwo eziphathekayo.Oku kunokuthintela inkqubo ye-corrosion kwixesha elongeziweyo xa ukugqithisa bekuya kulahleka ngenxa ye-chloride ingress okanye i-carbonation.
I-Corrosion inhibiting admixtures eyongeziweyo kwikhonkrithi ngexesha lemveliso ibizwa ngokuba yi "integral" corrosion inhibitors.I-Migratory corrosion inhibitors nazo ziyafumaneka ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwikhonkrithi eqinile kodwa ezi aziyiyo imixube.
Isizathu esiqhelekileyo sokuqiniswa kwe-corrosion yi-pitting corrosion ngenxa yokungena kwe-chloride ion ngokusebenzisa ikhonkrithi yokugubungela kunye nokusabalalisa okulandelayo ukuya kwintsimbi edibeneyo.Nangona i-corrosion inhibitors inokuphakamisa umda wentsimbi, ayiyonye indlela yokuvelisa ikhonkrithi engagxumekiyo, ehlala ixesha elide ethintela ukusasazwa kwekloridi.
I-Carbonation yekhonkrithi ikhokelela ekunciphiseni i-alkalinity ejikeleze intsimbi kwaye oku kubangela ukulahlekelwa kwe-passivation enokuthi ibangele ukugqwesa ukomeleza ngokubanzi.ICorrosion inhibitors inokunceda ukugada kolu hlobo lohlaselo.
I-Corrosion inhibitors inokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokugcinwa kwezakhiwo zekhonkrithi ezomeleziweyo kubo bonke ubomi benkonzo eqhelekileyo ye-30 - 40 iminyaka.Ulwakhiwo ingakumbi olusemngciphekweni zezo zityhileke kwimekobume yaselwandle okanye ezinye iimeko apho ukungenwa kwekloridi yekhonkrithi kunokwenzeka.Ezo zakhiwo zibandakanya iibhulorho, iitonela, izityalo zemizi-mveliso, iijethi, iindawo zokuchwela, iidolphin zokuxhoma kunye neendonga zolwandle.Izakhiwo zohola wendlela zinokuchatshazelwa kukusetyenziswa kweetyuwa zokuqhawula i-icing kwiinyanga zasebusika, njengoko kunokwenzeka neendawo zokupaka iimoto ezinemigangatho emininzi apho amanzi anetyuwa ethontsiza ezimotweni aze abe ngumphunga kwi-floor slab.

Imixube yekhonkrithi enegwebu
Ukuqonda i-Concrete Admixtures - I-Foamed Concrete Admixtures yi-surfactants exutywe ngamanzi ngaphambi kokuba idlulise isisombululo ngokusebenzisa i-generator ye-foam evelisa i-foam yangaphambili ezinzileyo, efana ne-cream yokucheba.Olu gwebu lwangaphambili luthi ke ludityaniswe kudaka lwesamente ngobuninzi obuvelisa ingxinano efunekayo kudaka olunogwebu (oludla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngekhonkrithi enogwebu).
Ii-Low Density Fill Admixtures zikwayi-surfactants kodwa zongezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwisanti etyebileyo, ephantsi komxholo wesamente equlathe ikhonkrithi ukunika i-15 ukuya kwi-25% yomoya.Oku kuzaliswa koxinano oluphantsi;ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), ineepropati zokuhamba kakuhle kwaye ifumana ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo zokuzalisa umsele kunye neminye imisebenzi yokuzalisa amandla aphantsi aphantsi.

Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe kunye nesicelo sekowuti, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana neqela lethu labathengisayo.